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# morphometric analysis in arcgis

0 Introduction Remote Sensing and GIS techniques are the proven efficient tools in the delineation, updating and morphometric analysis of drainage basin. Quantitative morphometric analysis of the watershed of Baki Basin, Eastern Anatolian using GIS methods Halil Gunek Firat University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Geography, Elazığ / Turkey E-mail: [email protected] Oana Cojocaru Erasmus graduate student, Romanian Abstact After a brief presentation of the Baki catchment, the drainage network is analyzed … h��U[o�8�+~lu��;��BiYm[԰ە)��H!AI������cH(�,�a9�x��3\��. framework used for morphometric analysis to prioritize the sub-watersheds of the study area has shown in Figure 2. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. Hydro-morphometric analysis. 2017). Tables 3 and 4 show the morphometric parameters and characteristics of Arkavathy basin, respectively. Another important observation from the results in Table 4 is that the stream lengths of orders 1, 2 and 4 constitute 83.5% of the total length of the stream network that indicate higher scope for infiltration, which can be utilized through construction of ground water recharge structures across these stream orders. GIS and remote sensing with morphometric analysis is most … Apply common morphometric analyses to characterize the watershed. The basin with an annual average rainfall of 874.87 mm is a persistent water scarce basin located in Cauvery river basin in south India. The morphometric parameters and hypsometric curve are then analysed to investigate the potential impact of the basin morphometry on the water availability and water scarcity afflicting the basin. The visual examination of shape of the Arkavathy river basin in (Fig. Morphometric evaluation of the drainage basin, such as stream order, stream number,stream length, bifurcation ratio, stream length ratio, basin length, basin area, elongation ratio, relief ratio, stream frequency, drainage density, circulato- Therefore, there is scope for higher infiltration reflected by low drainage density in regions of the flatter terrain. Classical morphometric parameters were calculated and specialized through spatial analysis in geographic information systems. were computed for all the sub basins in ArcGIS environment. George Allen & Unwin, London, pp 25–29. Quantitative evaluation of basin morphometry has been made, and the impact of basin morphometry on the peak runoff and flooding in the basin has been assessed. NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) mosaic digital elevation model (DEM) that covers 80% of globe at a resolution of 90 m at equator and 5° × 5° tiles has been used to delineate the Arkavathy river basin (CSI-CGIAR 2018). IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 118:012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012028. According to Petersen et al. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Out of both sub-catchments, sub-catchment 2 has more balanced aspects in respect to the sub-catchment 1. 2015). Due to its steepness, the dissected uplands and lowlands are conducive for construction of surface storage structures, whereas ground water recharge structures and smaller water harvesting structures can be built in the flatter terrain also classified in geomorphological term as pediment-piedmont region. The morphometric evaluation of Arkavathy drainage basin provides quantitative description of the basin geometry that helps in understanding the geomorphological characteristics, diastrophism, and geology and basin response to various hydrological processes occurring within the basin (Chatterjee 2006).The evaluation and discussions are made classifying the morphometry … For Arkavathy river basin, the morphological parameters such as form factor, circularity ratio and elongation ratio show that the basin is elongated. In accordance with Vivoni et al. a��T�����AJ���e��Q� ��X��(�T���0i2y1�3Y211)1 si30�8��/�,:����M߁�\$t�8����� vd��6�g 0 ڞr< The surface area within each contour class is merged using merge option in ArcGIS editor and raster calculator. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Data modelling has been done using the hydrology tools proposed by ArcGIS 10.4.1. �q?�d��L�� L6�U.�+���v�]f�H�V�iQ �t�)�����k�30�� V��H�����[email protected]� 2*A ArcGIS for Desktop. 2008). (2015), Arpita (2018) and Suresh (2001) that the water bodies and major reservoirs of the basin such as Thippagondanahalli and Hesaraghatta, that once supplied water and were lifeline to Bengaluru city, have been silted up. Cite this article. The morphometric parameters of basin can address linear, areal and relief aspects. H��T���0��+�(A��d[���m )졉K�D��.�,���}%Y���P�. were computed for all the sub basins in ArcGIS environment. How to calculate numbers of stream orderTo see more videos visit website : http://monde-geospatial.com/ Curvature is the rate of change of a slope, and can tell us if a surface is convex or concave, among other characteristics. 127 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6D433927BC9AF04BB88D22442607413F>]/Index[108 33]/Info 107 0 R/Length 99/Prev 571298/Root 109 0 R/Size 141/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Figure 6a shows the hypsometric curve derived for Arkavathy river basin. According to Sinha Roy (2002), Eh is negative in immature and young landforms when the hypsometric curve lies above A–C, whereas in mature and old landforms, Eh is positive. Correspondence to It is also well observed that remote sensing satellite data is emerging as the most effective, time saving and accurate technique for morphometric analysis of a basin. The drainage density, 1.90 indicates that the basin has porous nature and very coarse grained texture and the region has highly permeable … J Geomat Nat Hazards Risk 6:4. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2013.845114, Sukristiyanti S, Maria R, Lestiana H (2018) Watershed-based morphometric analysis: a review. The higher relief found in Arkavathy river basin indicates greater energy available in the drainage system of the basin. endstream endobj 109 0 obj <> endobj 110 0 obj <> endobj 111 0 obj <>stream Using Slope tool to do the slope analysis, in this case I use degree, not percentage to calculate the slope. Morphometric analysis is best method for isolation of problem through which precise descriptions of the geometry of landforms could be harnessed as data could be collected, organized, and analyzed and visualized using remote sensing integrated with GIS techniques to resolve the applications. Table 1. Applied Water Science According to Sinha Roy (2002), as the aspect ratio declines, the drainage network becomes highly branched leading to higher bifurcation ratio. References [1] Agarwal, C.S., Study of drainage pattern through aerial data in Naugarh area of Varanasi district, U.P, Journal of Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 26, 169-175, (1998). The surface area between contours has been calculated in attribute table after conversion of reclassified raster showing contours to polygon feature in ArcGIS. Some of them refer to the basin of the Mesta River and are represented as a static surface by a GRID model. Keywords: Morphometric analysis, ArcGIS, Watershed delineation, Watershed atlas. The lengths of the streams, areas of the watershed were measured by using ArcGIS-10.3 software, and stream Task 3: Morphometric Analysis . Catchment areas of Himayath sagar and Osman sagar were extracted from SRTM DEM version 4.1, with 3). Evaluation of morphometric parameters and hypsometric curve of Arkavathy river basin using RS and GIS techniques, https://cgiarcsi.community/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1/, https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/part4/, https://raitamitra.kar.nic.in/stat/kacz.htm, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2091-2011, https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170503.11, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0238-y, https://www.wou.edu/las/physci/taylor/geog522/rittchp5.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2013.845114, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012028, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-1164-9. The drainage basin analysis is important in any hydrological investigation like assessment of groundwater potential and groundwater management. WCB/McGraw-Hill, New York. The Times of India. Methodology Digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 30 m was … The main results of the morphometric characterization were the variables of form factor, drainage density, coefficient of compactness, and maintenance coefficient, as well as the relief parameters found, including the hypsometry, slope, aspect and … Arkavathy river sub-basin is located within Cauvery river basin, southern India, and constitutes 5% of the area of Cauvery river basin (Fig. It can be concluded that due to high time of concentration of runoff in the basin, as a consequence of its morphometry, the loss of water due to evapotranspiration rates leads to the persistent water scarcity in the basin. The algorithm is built into the Spatial Analyst extension in ArcGIS. (2009), one direct effect of decrease in drainage density is decreasing flood volumes that is attributed to long concentration times implying more opportunities for water to infiltrate. The outcome of the impact of morphological parameters on hypsometric curve can be observed in Fig. J. Degrade. The consequence of the confirmation of elongated nature of Arkavathy river basin is the reduced peak discharge of runoff in the basin. (2014), form factor would always be greater than 0.78 for perfectly circular basin and the smaller the value of form factor, the more elongated will be the basin. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Therefore, the objective/focus of the present study is derivation of morphological parameters and hypsometric curve for the Arkavathy river basin and, with morphometry and hypsometric curve, investigation of the potential impact on the water availability and water scarcity afflicting the basin. In this frame work ASTER DEM data is used as primary input data, where ArcGIS spatial analysis tools are used as processing tools, and sub watershed based flood risk prioritization map is the general output. Maastricht, The Netherlands. For the validation of the obtained results we used the topographic maps 1: 25000 and the ortho-photo-maps offered by the National Agency of Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising (ANCPI). However, close to highlands and lowlands the interval is restricted to 29 m and 35 m, respectively. Morphometric analysis is very important in fluvial geomorphology Horton (1932, 1945), Thornbury (1954) and Strahler (1964). The Arkavathy river basin morphological parameters such as linear, relief and areas aspects calculated are shown in Table 3, and the characteristics such as bifurcation ratio, stream length ratio and numbers of segments are shown in Table 4. It is an important indicator of relief and dissection of the basin. Table 4 shows number of stream segments of all six-order stream segments in Arkavathy river basin. 2013). European Geosciences Union. Arkavathy river basin has been selected for the present study. The geo-morphometric analysis of the Sarada river basin is carried out on the 1:50,000 scale using SoI topographic maps, IRS-P5 CartoSAT-1 DEM of 30 m spatial resolution. “head” and close to “head”, is an indication that the region is predominated by erosion and the eroded materials are accumulating in the downstream (Chattopadhyay et al. So, the infiltration characteristics vary within the basin. Morphometric analysis is best method for isolation of problem through which precise descriptions of the geometry of landforms could be harnessed as data could be collected, organized, and analyzed and visualized using remote sensing integrated with GIS techniques to resolve the applications. Similarly, the relative elevation or relative height (in percentage) of the basin is derived as $$\frac{\left(e-371\right)}{E}$$ where “e” is any contour height/elevation and “E” is the relief of the basin, i.e. In accordance with Vivoni et al. "�=�J�Ή�"fx�K¹ PubMed Google Scholar. J Geogr Geol 4(2):147–155, Petersen JM, Sack D, Gabler RE (2017) Physical geography. Different thematic maps viz; drainage density, slope, relief, aspect etc and morphometric parameters viz; stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, stream frequency, form factor, circulatory ratio etc. Up Next. Lower drainage density and length of overland flow in the basin confirm longer concentration times for runoff particularly in the regions of lower relief. Drainage density of a basin evaluates the erosion status of a basin (Bates 1981). 6b, it is clear that the hypsometric curve derived for Arkavathy river basin resembles closer to the convex hypsometric curve shown as top most curve in Fig. And the average annual rainfall in the basin is lowly 874.87 mm. Earth Surf Process Landf 23:611–623, Yangchan J, Tiwari AK, Sood A (2015) Morphometric analysis of drainage basin through gis: a case study of sukhna lake watershed in lower Shiwalik, India. Morphometric analysis of rivers basins is recognized prominently in hydrologic and geomorphic studies. The satellite imageries had been geo-referenced and merged using the image processing software ERDAS imagine 8.6. Stream order in accordance with Strahler (1964) and stream length for each order in Arkavathy river basin were determined using ArcGIS 10.2. The derived basin boundary was then converted to vector data called “shapefile” from which the area and perimeter of Arkavathy river basin was calculated in attribute table of ArcGIS. ArcGIS Online. 2017; Sukristiyanti et al. The DEMs have been processed so that “no-data” voids are filled. Evaluation of morphometric parameters requires the analysis of various drainage parameters such as ordering of the various streams, measurement of basin area and perimeter, length of drainage channels, drainage density (Dd), bifurcation ratio (Rb), stream length ratio (RL), and relief ratio (Rh). McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 439–476, Sujatha ER, Selvakumar R, Rakasimman UAB, Victor RG (2013) Morphometric analysis of sub-watershed in parts of Western Ghats, South India using ASTER DEM. Rather, the erosion status in the basin has moved beyond young stage but possesses considerable scope for erosion in the future before it attains mature equilibrium stage. The average annual rainfall of the basin found based on analysis of rainfall data from 1987 to 2014 is 874.87 mm (Table 1). - 45.79.214.215. morphometric analysis of extensive areas. Hence, the basin possesses considerable scope for erosion in future. The study area is located in agro-climatic zone, namely “Eastern Dry Zone” with a rainfall range of 679.1 mm to 888.9 mm (Department of Agriculture 2018). Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Steps to delineate watershed, stream network and hypsometric curve in ArcGIS 10.2. ISPRS. The developed model will create necessary data required for morphometric analysis after the processing of the input data. The morphometric parameters … 7). Ministry of Water Resources. Digital elevation model (DEM) of NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) available with Consortium of Space Information (CSI) of CGIAR, i.e. Watershed boundary, flow direction, flow accumulation, flow length, stream ordering have been prepared using hydrological tool and slope-aspect have been prepared using surface tool in ArcGIS. The stream order in accordance with Strahler (1964) obtained for Arkavathy river basin is six, and therefore, the basin is designated as sixth-order basin.